Struggling Readers

To support readers who struggle, educators must be able to not only provide adequate and appropriate interventions but also identify potential issues when they arise—if not before.

Additional Resources on Readers Who Struggle

• Children Experiencing Reading Difficulties: What We Know and What We Can Do
  Karen K. Wixson, Sheila W. Valencia, Marjorie Y. Lipson, Victoria J. Risko, Jeanne R. Paratore, David Reinking, and George G. Hruby
  BRIEF
• Common Types of Reading Problems and How to Help Children Who Have Them
  Louise Spear-Swerling
  ARTICLE | The Reading Teacher (subscription required)
• Intensifying Literacy Instruction in the Context of Tiered Interventions: A View from Special Educators
  Stephanie Al Otaiba, Christopher J. Lemons, Kristen McMaster, and Jeanne Wanzek
  BRIEF
• Targeted Reading Instruction: Four Guiding Principles
  Heather H. Aiken, Mary Bratsch-Hines, Steve Amendum, and Lynne Vernon-Feagans
  ARTICLE | The Reading Teacher (subscription required)
• Scaffolding Self-Correction During Oral Reading
  Tracy Johnson, Clara Mikita, Emily Rodgers, Jerome V. D’Agostino
  ARTICLE | The Reading Teacher (subscription required)
• Evaluating the Interventions for Struggling Adolescent Readers
  Douglas Fisher and Gay Ivey
  ARTICLE | Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy (subscription required)
• Why the “Struggling Reader” Label Is Harmful (and What Educators Can Do About It)
  Katherine K. Frankel and Maneka Deanna Brooks
  ARTICLE | Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy (subscription required)
• Struggle Is Not a Bad Word: Misconceptions and Recommendations About Readers Struggling With Difficult Texts
  Sarah M. Lupo, John Z. Strong, and Kristin Conradi Smith
  ARTICLE | Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy (subscription required)
• A Synthesis of Quantitative Research on Programs for Struggling Readers in Elementary Schools
  Amanda J. Neitzel, Cynthia Lake, Marta Pellegrini, and Robert E. Slavin
  ARTICLE | Reading Research Quarterly (subscription required)
• Teaching Readers Who Struggle
  Guest edited by Young-Suk Grace Kim
  ISSUE | Literacy Today (member magazine)