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    Writing as Play: Engaging Elementary Students

    Morgan Brandt
     | Jun 05, 2025
    Elementary school notebooks

    A pastor at my church, Steve Treichler, recently shared, “People do that which is fun.” Though he was instructing on leadership-building qualities and how to get community members to engage, the same pithy insight applies in the classroom: If you want your students to be engaged, make it fun. Effective teachers know good writing instruction must include explicit, academic tasks, but if personalization and fun are absent from writing, we will quickly lose our students. Having fun not only increases engagement, it builds relational bonds, crafts memories, produces more resilient children, and, ultimately, results in kids enjoying school and learning. 

    As a current first grade teacher who has taught a range of elementary grades, I recognize that teachers today are faced with more pressure than ever. When faced with a shortage of time and a heavy load of standards, unfortunately, writing is often cut first for the sake of time. There is too much at stake if we lose budding, creative, unique writers and thinkers to a diet of only academic, serious writing, or cut it out altogether. In the name of joy, I make a case here to elevate practices of writing for authentic audiences, playing with words, and celebrating together.

    Involving Others

    Writing is an inherently social activity contrary to the mental image of a student writing independently at their desk. Partner writing, sharing published writing, and authentic audiences are an easy onramp to engage students in social, joyful, purposeful writing. Sharing writing builds teamwork and the writing community by allowing students to listen and learn from each other, take risks, give feedback, and exchange praise.

    Each year, I compile finished writing projects into class books that are available in the classroom library, which thereafter brings weeks of enjoying friends’ writing, all while fostering connections as classmates. Around each Valentine’s Day, I introduce letter writing to authentic audiences, which includes sending letters to people around school. This links writing to a meaningful purpose: To connect with those you care about. Writing a thank-you note to a cafeteria worker or setting up a classroom mailbox for letters to classmates goes a long way toward building students’ writing agency and excitement that their writing has the potential to brighten someone’s day. 

    A picture of a bookbag, composition notebook, plush toy, and book

    Writing as Play

    Beyond summaries, paragraphs, and essays, students need opportunities to laugh, make mistakes in a silly way, and stretch creative muscles in writing if we ever expect them to return on their own. Using mentor texts as a model for playful ideas is a surefire way to prime the pump of joy and creativity in young writers. After reading some excerpts from books like Scranimals by Jack Prelutsky or If You Give a Mouse a Cookie by Laura Numeroff, students get carried away in their own story creations modeled after a wonderful, out-of-the-box structure. A colleague even created an “If You Take a Mouse to School” home-to-school class book bag with a notebook and mouse stuffed animal (pictured above) to send home to families for the chance to continue the mouse’s adventure outside of the writing block by creating their own pages.

    From tying in games like Telestrations, where a small group alternates drawing and writing sentences, during indoor recess, to writing nonfiction facts as riddles to guess the object, to using silly words from a word bank to make poems, there are many simple writing activities that leverage fun. These are powerful, low-prep experiences that model to students we do not only write for academic purposes, but because writing allows us to think in new ways, bonds us together, and makes us laugh. Ultimately, we write because we enjoy it.

    Celebrating

    A bucket full of classroom foldersFinally, one of the best ways to create a culture of writers and ensure joy is to celebrate! Writers need to know that their work and thinking are celebrated, and worthy of shared delight. Often in my classroom, I elevate sharing at the end of a unit by the practice of the author’s chair, zhuzhed up with a red curtain projected on my screen. Intermediate elementary students love the prop of a microphone. After particularly satisfying journeys through the writing process, our class celebrates with a publishing party, complete with apple juice and popcorn to cheers each writer after they share in a small group of three to four peers. This celebratory sharing can also be modified to fit in a couple students at a time during morning meeting or closing circle, followed by finger snaps of recognition.

    Young writers deserve to experience joy, choice, and delight in writing if we expect them to share their thoughts beyond academic contexts and develop as thinkers and word lovers. Though writing does give us the skills to summarize and convey the main ideas of what we learn, to sever the craft from personal expression and reflection is doing a disservice. Students are academic learners, but they are also thinkers and feelers who must experience writing socially and joyfully if we ever expect them to write with their authentic voices throughout their lives. And isn’t the goal for children to use writing to tell someone they care, to bring about change in their communities, and to inspire joy no matter where life takes them?

    As a teacher who faces the Tetris puzzle of fitting in all of the academic demands, I urge teachers not to neglect the necessity of writing for fun. With some brainstorming, we can take simple steps to craft our students’ attitudes about writing to be social, playful, and celebratory in ways that keep young writers eagerly picking up their pencils with a smile.

    Morgan Brandt is a first grade teacher in Mounds View, Minnesota, where she loves fostering joy and play as her students learn. She has taught elementary grades 1-5 and holds bachelor's degrees in elementary education and Spanish education from the University of Northwestern, St. Paul, and a K-12 Reading License from Concordia University, St. Paul. She is currently pursuing a master's in literacy.

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    Finding Purpose Outside the Classroom: Motivating Adolescents in the Tier III Reading Setting 

    Literacy Today
     magazine: Reflecting Every Reader
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    Using Mentor Texts and AI to Transform Grammar Instruction: Part II

    Patty McGee
     | May 23, 2025
    Elementary students working on laptops

    Grammar worksheets ask, "Can you spot it?" Mini-inquiries ask, "Can you understand it?" However, the imitation and innovation experience asks the most important question: "Can you create with it?"

    Let's help students answer with a resounding "Yes!"

    Imitation and Innovation Method

    In grammar instruction, "imitation" is the practice of copying or repeating a grammatical structure to mimic a model sentence or pattern. "Innovation" is the active creation of new sentences or variations using the grammatical concept, demonstrating a deeper understanding through the application of the rule in novel ways, going beyond simple copying.

    Here is how imitation and innovation may unfold:

    • Select a portion of the mentor text that exemplifies the grammar concept you're teaching. If you are using the mentor text from this article, you may want to focus on varying sentence structure or building paragraphs. 
    • Together with students, analyze the sentence structures or grammar patterns used by the author.
    • Create a template based on the mentor text's grammatical framework. For example, if teaching complex sentences using When a tree is attacked by insects, it releases airborne chemical compounds to warn nearby trees of danger, you might extract the pattern: Subordinating conjunction: simple sentence: comma: simple sentence
    • Students then use this template to collaboratively write their own sentences, following the same grammatical structure but with original content. 
      As they gain confidence, encourage them to innovate beyond the template while maintaining correct grammar usage.
    This method allows students to practice applying grammar concepts directly, using the mentor text as scaffolding that can gradually be removed as their skills develop. (For even more, check out the Patterns of Power collection by Jeff Anderson and Whitney La Rocca.)

    A Few Friendly Tips

    After some trial and error, here's what I've learned:

    • Mentor texts do not work well when they are cold reads. Read the text aloud a few times so that students are able to do the work of a reader through understanding the content. Once the reading work is out of the way, it is easier to study how grammar is used.
    • Take it slow – don't try to tackle too many grammar concepts at once. It's like eating a delicious meal; you want to savor each bite.
    • Choose texts that speak to your students' hearts. If the content feels relevant to their lives, they'll be much more invested in exploring the grammar.
    • Remember that mentor texts are partners in grammar instruction, not replacements. We still need to explicitly demonstrate how to use grammar, but now we're giving context to why grammar matters.

    Your Turn: Transform Your Grammar Instruction Today

    Ready to revolutionize your grammar instruction? Take these three simple steps:

    • Commit to trying just one mentor text lesson in the next two weeks.
    • Share this post with a colleague who might be interested in trying this, too. Compare notes.
    • Remember, every grammar lesson is an opportunity to empower writers.
    I'd love to hear about your journey with mentor texts!

    Patty McGee is a nationally recognized literacy consultant, speaker, and educator with a passion for transforming classrooms into spaces where language and learning come alive. With decades of experience as a teacher, coach, and advocate for delightful literacy practices, Patty has worked alongside educators across the country, partnering to unlock the full potential of their students through innovative and practical teaching strategies. Not Your Granny’s Grammar is her third book. Connect with Patty at www.pattymcgee.org.

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    Using Mentor Texts and AI to Transform Grammar Instruction: Part I 

    Literacy Today magazine: Reflecting Every Reader
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    Finding Purpose Outside the Classroom: Motivating Adolescents in the Tier III Reading Setting

    Samantha Bart-Addison
     | May 14, 2025
    High schooler raising hand in class

    All grade levels have students who need intervention strategies to boost basic reading skills; this includes the high school level, a target group often overlooked when it comes to instructional strategies. In order for students to make the most progress during their time with an intervention teacher, the Center on Multi-Tiered System of Supports says Tier III reading interventions must be “individualized and intensive.” What can be difficult for intervention teachers is the lack of motivation some students have for such rigorous intervention strategies.

    While motivation is complex to measure quantitatively, teachers may argue it is easy to observe through student behaviors, such as readily conversing in cooperative groups and engaging with the work through questioning, discovery, and application. Lack of motivation presents through refusal to work or participate, speeding through diagnostic and monitoring assessments, or sporadic attendance. For a reading class, student motivation is a fine line because one encourages students who, typically, want to master skills for which they know they have a deficit but also for which they do not want to admit that they have a deficit.

    Students are placed into the Tier III setting because they have a detrimental skills gap. The challenge for teachers becomes walking that line of how to increase classwork motivation while still giving explicit instruction on fundamental reading and phonics strategies to teenagers. Many social and emotional concerns have to be delicately addressed, considering reading is a basic skill learned by majority of modern society at a very young age. Teenagers in my class have expressed resistance through exclamations such as “I don’t need this work; I really can read” and “I don’t want anyone to know I’m in this class.” Because Tier III reading includes elementary-level instruction on phonics and vocabulary with applications of prosody, the practice must be contextualized to help preserve teenage dignity.

    Relating Reading Skills to Other Content Areas

    What may be the easiest and most obvious application for the learning is relating the skills to other content areas. Students learn ways to use their phonics and vocabulary skills to pass their biology or algebra tests, topics not connected to typical language arts classes. Therefore, students should understand that Tier III reading is different than a language arts class. Tier III reading instruction is not content-specific. The foundational knowledge is a prerequisite to achievement in all subjects, and a direct connection to success in all academic areas gives a whole new reason for learning the skills. When discussing this with students, include the usefulness of the learned skills in earning graduation credits or conversing with peers about the subject matter. Suddenly, phonics practice with elementary words is now helpful with a task in Physics.

    Perhaps more than any other grade level, high school students need to feel they are not wasting their time at school; they need to understand their learning is useful outside of the classroom. To maximize student buy-in at this level, students must genuinely understand that the lessons’ skills are purposeful in their current and future lives. My students have researched potential careers after graduation, they have written responses for various interview questions, and some have brought in applications for an after-school job. I conference with students for each situation and consistently draw connections to our word-skill practice. The results are stronger relationships between teacher and students and students’ growing intrinsic motivation to learn more about reading.

    Weaving in Real-World Connections to the Lesson

    In a playful application, students plan lavish vacations. National Geographic offers remarkable destination trips to every continent, and the Orient Express suggests historic expeditions across Europe and Asia. My students have planned extravagant trips with private jets and luxury ships and then presented their day-by-day itineraries to the class. Everyone enjoyed the fantastical descriptions of the sights and the wild dreams of this kind of travel. Most importantly, the research and synthesis required all the reading skills from the intervention lessons.

    Motivation and engagement are fruitless if students do not leave the lesson with a
    thorough understanding of the application of the practiced reading skills. So more important than merely offering different projects, the teacher must explicitly connect the skill’s knowledge to the skill’s application; transference is vital. With these real-world opportunities, secondary students will have a greater sense of buy-in to the intervention methods as they increase their independence with the skills thus increasing their overall academic success.

    Samantha Bart-Addison is a 20-year veteran teacher at Seckinger High School in Gwinnett County, Georgia. She currently teaches Tier III Reading Interventions and other various types of learners. Her goal is to share engaging differentiated strategies to support teachers in the classroom.

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    Using Mentor Texts and AI to Transform Grammar Instruction: Part I

    Literacy Today 
    magazine: Reflecting Every Reader
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    Using Mentor Texts and AI to Transform Grammar Instruction: Part I

    Patty McGee
     | May 09, 2025
    Elementary students reading an ipad

    Have you ever watched your students ace grammar worksheets only to see those same skills vanish in their writing? You're not alone! When I discovered mentor texts for grammar instruction, everything changed in my classroom.

    Mentor Texts and the Standards Challenge


    Think of mentor texts as your grammar instruction's best friends. They're amazing pieces of writing that showcase the grammar concepts you want to teach. Here's something important I discovered along the way: While published authors create beautiful, effective writing, they often bend grammar rules for stylistic purposes. For example, many skilled writers skip the comma before a conjunction in compound sentences—which works beautifully for their style, but doesn't align with state standards.

    This created a dilemma for me. I loved using authentic texts, but I needed to teach standard grammar conventions. What to do?

    Mentor Text Workarounds


    Thankfully, you don't need to abandon your favorite mentor texts! Here are three approaches that have worked wonderfully:

    • Cherry-pick perfect examples: Select individual sentences or short passages from mentor texts that do align with standard grammar. Use these gems to study sentence construction and expansion.
    • Adapt beloved texts: I've found success taking published text and adapting it (with proper attribution) to demonstrate standard grammar usage. This gives students the best of both worlds—engaging content they love with the grammar patterns they need to learn.
    • Create custom examples: Sometimes, I ask AI to generate content about topics my students care about, specifically requesting standard grammar usage. Just be sure to review the text carefully to confirm it truly follows the standards you're teaching! AI is not always accurate.
    Here’s an example of one piece of text generated by AI. I indicated the different types of sentences by keeping simple sentences in plain text, underlining compound sentences, and italicizing complex sentences.


    The Hidden Language of Trees

    Trees may appear silent and solitary, but they participate in complex communication networks beneath our feet. Simple mycorrhizal fungi connect tree roots through an intricate web scientists call the "Wood Wide Web." These fungal threads allow trees to share nutrients while they send chemical signals to neighboring trees.

    When a tree is attacked by insects, it releases airborne chemical compounds to warn nearby trees of danger. Once alerted, the neighboring trees begin producing defensive chemicals to protect themselves. This remarkable system resembles an early warning network that protects the entire forest community.

    Older, larger "mother trees" serve as hubs in these networks, and they support younger saplings by sharing essential nutrients. Although these connections are invisible to the human eye, they create a cooperative environment where trees support one another during times of stress or limited resources.

    Scientists have discovered that some tree species recognize their relatives and preferentially share resources with them. They maintain these connections through the seasons, and they create a resilient forest over time. As we learn more about these communication networks, we gain a deeper appreciation for the sophisticated relationships that exist in seemingly quiet forests.


    Two Possibilities for Mentor Text and Grammar Learning


    One of the most engaging parts of science instruction can also be used in grammar instruction. In science, phenomena provide a real-world context for learning, allowing students to actively engage with observable events and "figure out why" something happens. Essentially, phenomena act as a driving force for inquiry-based learning, sparking curiosity and motivating students to explore and explain what they see around them. In grammar instruction, a mini-inquiry using a mentor text acts as a phenomenon, allowing for context, curiosity, and collaboration. How a mini-inquiry may unfold:

    • Read the mentor text aloud (maybe a few times), allowing students to enjoy and understand the content.
    • Return to the text and pose an inquiry question. For the mentor text above, consider the question: What are some similarities and differences in simple, compound, and complex sentences?
    • Partner (or trio) students up and ask them to come up with as many similarities and differences as they can. They may even jot these down.
    • Listen in as students discuss their ideas. Jot down relevant theories or questions.
    • Share something you jotted down and ask students to explore. Share a theory: Simple sentences are shorter (which is not a plausible theory). A question: Is there always a comma in a complex sentence?
    • Explore the mentor text for proof of the theory or potential answers to the question.
    • Gather guidance from the inquiry in a resource for students to use when writing.
       
    It is true that mini-inquiries can transform grammar instruction by turning mentor texts into “phenomena” that spark curiosity, helping students discover grammar patterns in authentic contexts rather than isolated worksheets.  

    In the next post, we’ll explore another powerful approach to grammar instruction using mentor texts called Imitation and Innovation. Can’t wait for you to add this to your grammar instructional repertoire!

    Patty McGee is a nationally recognized literacy consultant, speaker, and educator with a passion for transforming classrooms into spaces where language and learning come alive. With decades of experience as a teacher, coach, and advocate for delightful literacy practices, Patty has worked alongside educators across the country, partnering to unlock the full potential of their students through innovative and practical teaching strategies. Not Your Granny’s Grammar is her third book. Connect with Patty at www.pattymcgee.org.

    Learn More

    Using Mentor Texts and AI to Transform Grammar Instruction: Part II

    Literacy Today magazine: Reflecting Every Reader
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    Why Diversity Needs to Be at the Heart of Children’s Literature

    By Jerie Blintt
     | May 05, 2022
    DiverseLiterature_480

    Literature has always been an indispensable part of society. At a young age, we're introduced to books at home, and later at our school or neighborhood libraries. Helping us navigate this world were our librarians, who used their expertise to guide and enrich our journeys into literature.

    Unfortunately, these connections to literature are being challenged. Writer Mark Weakland in a February post titled “They Tried to Ban My Book” explains how the state attempting to control the dominant ideology is a continuous occurrence in history.

    Weakland writes that the concern around books as harmful or radically biased against the elitist status quo doesn't justify the censorship that tends to silence the already marginalized voices. Censoring actually works against our desire to protect our children, and it is only with diverse literature that we can rear responsible, well-rounded, and critical members of society. Here's a look at what diverse children's lit can do for our kids.

    Promote empathy

    Studies in developmental psychology have consistently shown storybooks as empathy-building vehicles for children. The simulated, abstract experiences and narratives help kids build awareness of what people in different situations may feel. Research published in the National Library of Medicine details how book reading fosters one's identification with someone outside of their self and their own circle, which leads to minimizing fostered prejudice and bias.

    Improve children’s confidence

    Confidence in oneself sets the stage for crucial decision-making and resiliency skills as an adult. Brianna Holmes of Johns Hopkins University criticizes the rampant racial inequality of American society, and stresses how diverse representation and inclusion, with an anti-bias curriculum especially in the academe, is key to a confident child who treats everyone with respect.

    Set the stage for future careers

    An anti-bias curriculum has also been shown to inform behavior and reduce prejudice. Exclusive literature results in an exclusive society, which can be dangerous not only for excluded populations but also for society as a whole.

    This repercussion is particularly noticeable in public health. Telehealth company Wheel highlights health care’s diversity gaps, which is caused in part by a lack of inclusive health care research that tackles minority communities. It is thereby the role of diverse children’s literature to open our minds, especially if we wish for our children to become successful doctors, researchers, and leaders.

    Build critical thinking

    Development is impossible without discourse. When we censor, we discourage open discussion instead of building our children's capacity to think for themselves. History has proven authoritarian attempts to control information as being ineffective and counterproductive. For example, a study by Cambridge University Press found there was increased access to information after the censorship of Instagram in China in 2014.

    Wanting to protect our children is valid. However, in times of uncertainty, inclusiveness and empathy become all the more necessary. It is therefore by promoting awareness and diversity in our children’s literature that we will truly be able to protect them.

    We should be cultivating our children’s ability to decide what is right and wrong, and we can do this by encouraging diversity in the materials we consume no matter how controversial the topic may be. In this day and age of technology where information is a weapon, we must give children the tools for growth and trust that they'll be able to make the right decisions.

    Jerie Blintt is an avid reader who is passionate about bringing technology and literature to the forefront of every classroom. When she's not writing about the latest innovations, you'll likely find her meditating in her local park.

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