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    No Empty Shelves: 10 Ways to Eliminate "Book Deserts" in Schools

    Tiffany A. Flowers
     | Oct 08, 2025
    Teacher on a computer in a classroom

    As a literacy professional, I've had the unique opportunity to travel to visit schools and attend conferences with Pre-K–12 colleagues from around the country. Additionally, I spent time in teacher groups via social media talking to teachers about their concerns over the lack of resources within schools. More specifically, conversations tend to include issues related to lack of access to books for teachers. This unfortunate reality also includes students getting less access to physical books.

    For the past eight years, I have delved into research, service, and teaching related to eliminating "book deserts" within schools, correctional facilities, and communities. My earlier efforts can be traced back to grant work in this area. It is important to me that I ensure my recommendations related to book deserts also include actionable models and practical solutions to prevent this phenomenon from occurring in local schools, communities, and correctional facilities.

    We still need to support additional research work in this area to document this stark reality. However, the need to ensure that we are also putting together sound practices that prevent book deserts in rural and urban areas is imperative. Therefore, I offer 10 suggestions for schools looking to address the pressing reality of book deserts.

    10 Recommendations for Schools to Prevent Book Deserts

    • School boards and school districts should allocate funding specifically for the purchase of high-interest books in various genres. This should include ordering books from graphic novels to nonfiction texts. 
    • Every school needs a year-round book donation program. The program should include letters that go out to donors, volunteers, and the community regarding books. The books can be donated, or people can donate monetary donations.
    • Every school should partner with local community libraries to get copies of texts they sell at the end of the month for monthly fundraising. This will allow schools the opportunity to fill both shelves in the library and classroom libraries.
    • Every early childhood, elementary, and middle grade teacher should set a goal of having 250-500 high-interest books in their classroom libraries for students.
    • Every media specialist should have a ‘no empty shelves’ movement in their media center to ensure that there are ample books in every genre and sub-genre in the library.
    • Schools should consider hosting book giveaways each month. This will allow students to build their own libraries.
    • Every principal or assistant principal should make sure there are high-interest books in every area of the school for students to have access and to engage in reading.
    • Every school should have a school volunteer reading program every Friday where volunteers read high-interest books to children in grades Pre-K through fifth grade. This will allow children to have books read to them on a more frequent basis.
    • Every school should have a book buddy program where children in grades four and five read to a child in grades Pre-K through second grade.
    • Every school should set up a Little Free Library for every 5-10 block radius of the school to ensure children have access to books when school is not in session.
    Potentially, there are many ways to prevent book deserts within schools. However, until we deal with the reality of what this means for children in rural and urban areas with little access to physical books or the internet, we will continue to see children without access to books in local schools.

    Book deserts are not a problem that can solely be solved with access to free digital books. The need for physical books to give children the experience of flipping pages and interacting with real books is still crucial for most of the children we work with each day. As literacy professionals, it is imperative we review the literacy practices in our schools and districts for the students and families we serve to ensure equity. 

    We must enact new ideas to ensure we serve children in the most creative fashion imaginable. We must create policies and procedures which consider fairness for children who are in underserved communities. Additionally, we must provide access to books for the most vulnerable children to ensure we pique the reading interests of children.    

    Tiffany A. Flowers, PhD, is the Marie Berrell Endowed Professor of Literacy and director of the Literacy Center at Central Michigan University. She is a native Chicagoan with a doctorate in language, literacy, and culture from the University of Iowa.

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    Boosting Fine Motor Skills Through Targeted Intervention and Purposeful Play

    Jaimie Catterall
     | Jun 20, 2025
    Elementary students writing

    Fine motor skills are a foundational part of early childhood development that play a critical role in a child's ability to perform everyday tasks and succeed academically, especially in earlier grades. In kindergarten, these skills become increasingly important as handwriting emerges as a primary method for learning and demonstrating knowledge across subjects. Without strong fine motor development, students may struggle with tasks like pencil grip, cutting with scissors, and writing legibly, which can impact their confidence and academic growth.

    In this post, I explore the importance of fine motor skills and handwriting in early education, highlight the impact of targeted interventions and purposeful play, and offer practical classroom strategies to support young learners in building these essential skills.

    Fine Motor Skills and Handwriting

    Fine motor skills are used in tasks like picking up objects, feeding oneself, threading, drawing, cutting, and dressing. They typically develop after gross motor skills and require time, patience, and practice to strengthen. By kindergarten, most children should be able to use the tripod grip with a pencil, grasp objects, use scissors to cut lines, zip and button clothes, and have mostly legible writing of letters and shapes. Some factors that can affect fine motor skills include certain medical conditions and learning differences that may require more professional assistance. Handwriting is especially important at this stage as it supports academic success across subject areas.

    One study suggested that when classroom teachers worked with occupational therapists in their classrooms, they saw a significant growth in student fine motor skills and writing abilities. The occupational therapists ran a 13-week intervention program for at-risk preschoolers with the classroom teacher in hopes of increasing the knowledge of fine motor skills and how it affects writing readiness.

    The goal of this program was to enhance the teacher's understanding of foundational prewriting skills, fine motor development, and multisensory processing needed for writing readiness in kindergarten. The preschool students that started at the beginning of the program, who were not being able to complete any prewriting or tracing skills, reportedly made significant growth in those tasks by the end of the 13 weeks.

    Another study highlighted the importance of play-based learning with a goal in mind. Goal-oriented play involves active movement that engages the body's muscles, helping to stimulate and strengthen muscle function. Motor exercises benefit all children, especially ages five to six when motor development is best stimulated. The more students are playing and developing those fine motor skills, will help their eyes and hands work together when writing starts to take place. 

    Classroom Implications

    As a kindergarten teacher, at the beginning of every year I observe my students and make notes of who is having difficulties holding a pencil or crayon, writing their name, and cutting lines with scissors. Throughout the year, I will provide targeted instruction and engaging activities to support students who are struggling, giving them opportunities to practice and strengthen their fine motor skills in fun and meaningful ways. My goal is to help students strengthen their fine motor skills early so they are not still struggling later in the year and can show progress in their writing.

    One way teachers can support fine motor skill play is offering fine motor activity bins. I keep these bins in my classroom so that all students can choose one in the morning. These bins include:

    • Playdough
    • Screwing on nuts to bolts
    • Putting links together to make a chain
    • Squeezing a tennis ball to open a slit and putting small beads inside
    • Pokey pin papers where they will use a golf tee to poke the dots on a picture
    Consider incorporating items that children can physically hold and manipulate into your teaching. The more hands-on materials and tools you use during lessons, the more beneficial it will be for young learners.

    When teaching handwriting, it is so important to explicitly teach holding a pencil, correct letter formation, spatially showing where each letter should be, and writing left to right. For students who aren't yet able to independently write letters and words, I use a highlighter to write them first, allowing the students to trace over and practice that way. For students with physical disabilities, I recommend using a pencil grip, selecting smaller pencils, breaking their crayons in half, or using thicker crayons to help with their grip. Some students can benefit from writing on a slanted surface so their shoulder and upper arm muscles are being strengthened.

    At-Home Activities

    If a student is not making adequate progress with these handwriting skills throughout the year, I will try to incorporate more fine motor activities into their learning. I also share simple fine motor activities with parents for their child to complete at home using materials they already have, without the need to purchase anything. Some of these activities include:

    • Peeling fruit
    • Squeezing sponges to transfer water into buckets
    • Peeling stickers or tape
    • Using a spray bottle
    • Rolling playdough or bread dough
    • Buttoning and zipping clothes
    Developing strong fine motor skills in early childhood is essential for building the foundation needed for handwriting and overall academic success. As handwriting becomes a central mode of learning in kindergarten, students who struggle with fine motor tasks may face challenges in keeping up with writing tasks. With intentional support through targeted interventions, purposeful play, and engaging hands-on activities, educators can help students strengthen these skills early on. By observing student needs, incorporating fine motor practice into daily routines, and partnering with families, teachers play a vital role in supporting each child’s development. Investing time in building fine motor abilities not only prepares students for writing but also fosters confidence, independence, and long-term academic growth.

    Jaimie Catterall has been teaching kindergarten for 10 years at the Spring Lake Park School District in Minnesota. She specializes in phonics and early writing instruction, helping young learners build strong literacy foundations. She is also passionate about supporting students' social-emotional growth, creating a classroom environment where children feel safe, confident, and ready to learn.

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    Writing as Play: Engaging Elementary Students

    Literacy Today 
    magazine: Reflecting Every Reader
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    Centering Bilingual Books in Every Literacy Classroom

    Valerie Butrón and Rita Guzmán
     | Jun 12, 2025

    Bilingual read aloud elementary

    As literacy coaches and bilingual educators, we work alongside teachers across a variety of classrooms: general education, bilingual, and special education. One of the most versatile and underutilized tools we see time and again is the bilingual picturebook. These books don't just support language learners—they elevate comprehension, vocabulary, and engagement for all students.

    Bilingual Books in General Education Classrooms

    In one first-grade classroom we supported, the teacher used a bilingual picturebook during a read-aloud even though none of her students spoke Spanish fluently. As she paused to ask comprehension questions and draw out vocabulary connections, students became highly engaged. Several began to notice cognates and root words, and one student proudly pointed out a Spanish word she'd seen on a sign in her neighborhood. That moment sparked a short writing activity where students shared words they knew from different languages. The teacher later told us it was one of the most energizing literacy blocks of the year.

    In Bilingual Classrooms: Building Bridges

    In a dual language classroom, bilingual books offer a seamless bridge between students’ home languages and academic content. One third-grade bilingual teacher used a picturebook about a cultural celebration to anchor both language and literacy standards. English-dominant and Spanish-dominant students participated in reciprocal read-alouds, switching languages and supporting one another in real time. This built not only fluency and comprehension, but also classroom community and confidence. The teacher noted that bilingual texts allowed students to bring their full linguistic selves into the learning space.

    For Special Education: Access and Affirmation

    In a special education resource room, a teacher used a bilingual book with side-by-side text to support a small group of students with IEPs. For one student with emerging English skills and a speech-language impairment, seeing the story in both languages helped reduce frustration and build confidence. The teacher paired the book with picture supports and sentence stems to scaffold comprehension. What surprised her most was how the visuals and rhythm of the bilingual text increased student participation and prompted spontaneous discussion—something rarely observed with more traditional leveled texts.

    Why It Works

    Valerie Butrón and Rita Guzmán readingBilingual books are rich with context, visuals, and rhythm—all powerful tools in supporting early literacy. When used intentionally, they:

    • Promote vocabulary development through repeated exposure and cross-linguistic connections
    • Support comprehension by engaging students in multiple modes (oral language, visuals, discussion)
    • Invite students to bring their backgrounds and interests into reading
    Even when teachers aren’t bilingual themselves, they can still use these books effectively. We’ve coached many educators on simple strategies like:
    • Previewing key vocabulary in both languages
    • Using visuals and gestures to support unfamiliar words
    • Encouraging students to share background knowledge or personal connections

    A Tool for All Classrooms

    Whether in general education, bilingual, or special education settings, bilingual picturebooks are not just for multilingual learners—they’re a high-impact tool for all students. They promote literacy through engagement, relevance, and inclusivity.It’s time we move bilingual books from the margins to the center of our literacy instruction. Not because it’s a trend or a cultural checkbox—but because it works.

    Valerie Butrón and Rita Guzmán, EdD, are co-founders of Tumbao Bilingual Books. They are experienced literacy coaches and former classroom teachers who support educators and districts across the country in designing effective and joyful language-rich instruction.

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    Writing as Play: Engaging Elementary Students

    Literacy Today magazine: Reflecting Every Reader
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    Writing as Play: Engaging Elementary Students

    Morgan Brandt
     | Jun 05, 2025
    Elementary school notebooks

    A pastor at my church, Steve Treichler, recently shared, “People do that which is fun.” Though he was instructing on leadership-building qualities and how to get community members to engage, the same pithy insight applies in the classroom: If you want your students to be engaged, make it fun. Effective teachers know good writing instruction must include explicit, academic tasks, but if personalization and fun are absent from writing, we will quickly lose our students. Having fun not only increases engagement, it builds relational bonds, crafts memories, produces more resilient children, and, ultimately, results in kids enjoying school and learning. 

    As a current first grade teacher who has taught a range of elementary grades, I recognize that teachers today are faced with more pressure than ever. When faced with a shortage of time and a heavy load of standards, unfortunately, writing is often cut first for the sake of time. There is too much at stake if we lose budding, creative, unique writers and thinkers to a diet of only academic, serious writing, or cut it out altogether. In the name of joy, I make a case here to elevate practices of writing for authentic audiences, playing with words, and celebrating together.

    Involving Others

    Writing is an inherently social activity contrary to the mental image of a student writing independently at their desk. Partner writing, sharing published writing, and authentic audiences are an easy onramp to engage students in social, joyful, purposeful writing. Sharing writing builds teamwork and the writing community by allowing students to listen and learn from each other, take risks, give feedback, and exchange praise.

    Each year, I compile finished writing projects into class books that are available in the classroom library, which thereafter brings weeks of enjoying friends’ writing, all while fostering connections as classmates. Around each Valentine’s Day, I introduce letter writing to authentic audiences, which includes sending letters to people around school. This links writing to a meaningful purpose: To connect with those you care about. Writing a thank-you note to a cafeteria worker or setting up a classroom mailbox for letters to classmates goes a long way toward building students’ writing agency and excitement that their writing has the potential to brighten someone’s day. 

    A picture of a bookbag, composition notebook, plush toy, and book

    Writing as Play

    Beyond summaries, paragraphs, and essays, students need opportunities to laugh, make mistakes in a silly way, and stretch creative muscles in writing if we ever expect them to return on their own. Using mentor texts as a model for playful ideas is a surefire way to prime the pump of joy and creativity in young writers. After reading some excerpts from books like Scranimals by Jack Prelutsky or If You Give a Mouse a Cookie by Laura Numeroff, students get carried away in their own story creations modeled after a wonderful, out-of-the-box structure. A colleague even created an “If You Take a Mouse to School” home-to-school class book bag with a notebook and mouse stuffed animal (pictured above) to send home to families for the chance to continue the mouse’s adventure outside of the writing block by creating their own pages.

    From tying in games like Telestrations, where a small group alternates drawing and writing sentences, during indoor recess, to writing nonfiction facts as riddles to guess the object, to using silly words from a word bank to make poems, there are many simple writing activities that leverage fun. These are powerful, low-prep experiences that model to students we do not only write for academic purposes, but because writing allows us to think in new ways, bonds us together, and makes us laugh. Ultimately, we write because we enjoy it.

    Celebrating

    A bucket full of classroom foldersFinally, one of the best ways to create a culture of writers and ensure joy is to celebrate! Writers need to know that their work and thinking are celebrated, and worthy of shared delight. Often in my classroom, I elevate sharing at the end of a unit by the practice of the author’s chair, zhuzhed up with a red curtain projected on my screen. Intermediate elementary students love the prop of a microphone. After particularly satisfying journeys through the writing process, our class celebrates with a publishing party, complete with apple juice and popcorn to cheers each writer after they share in a small group of three to four peers. This celebratory sharing can also be modified to fit in a couple students at a time during morning meeting or closing circle, followed by finger snaps of recognition.

    Young writers deserve to experience joy, choice, and delight in writing if we expect them to share their thoughts beyond academic contexts and develop as thinkers and word lovers. Though writing does give us the skills to summarize and convey the main ideas of what we learn, to sever the craft from personal expression and reflection is doing a disservice. Students are academic learners, but they are also thinkers and feelers who must experience writing socially and joyfully if we ever expect them to write with their authentic voices throughout their lives. And isn’t the goal for children to use writing to tell someone they care, to bring about change in their communities, and to inspire joy no matter where life takes them?

    As a teacher who faces the Tetris puzzle of fitting in all of the academic demands, I urge teachers not to neglect the necessity of writing for fun. With some brainstorming, we can take simple steps to craft our students’ attitudes about writing to be social, playful, and celebratory in ways that keep young writers eagerly picking up their pencils with a smile.

    Morgan Brandt is a first grade teacher in Mounds View, Minnesota, where she loves fostering joy and play as her students learn. She has taught elementary grades 1-5 and holds bachelor's degrees in elementary education and Spanish education from the University of Northwestern, St. Paul, and a K-12 Reading License from Concordia University, St. Paul. She is currently pursuing a master's in literacy.

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     magazine: Reflecting Every Reader
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    Using Mentor Texts and AI to Transform Grammar Instruction: Part II

    Patty McGee
     | May 23, 2025
    Elementary students working on laptops

    Grammar worksheets ask, "Can you spot it?" Mini-inquiries ask, "Can you understand it?" However, the imitation and innovation experience asks the most important question: "Can you create with it?"

    Let's help students answer with a resounding "Yes!"

    Imitation and Innovation Method

    In grammar instruction, "imitation" is the practice of copying or repeating a grammatical structure to mimic a model sentence or pattern. "Innovation" is the active creation of new sentences or variations using the grammatical concept, demonstrating a deeper understanding through the application of the rule in novel ways, going beyond simple copying.

    Here is how imitation and innovation may unfold:

    • Select a portion of the mentor text that exemplifies the grammar concept you're teaching. If you are using the mentor text from this article, you may want to focus on varying sentence structure or building paragraphs. 
    • Together with students, analyze the sentence structures or grammar patterns used by the author.
    • Create a template based on the mentor text's grammatical framework. For example, if teaching complex sentences using When a tree is attacked by insects, it releases airborne chemical compounds to warn nearby trees of danger, you might extract the pattern: Subordinating conjunction: simple sentence: comma: simple sentence
    • Students then use this template to collaboratively write their own sentences, following the same grammatical structure but with original content. 
      As they gain confidence, encourage them to innovate beyond the template while maintaining correct grammar usage.
    This method allows students to practice applying grammar concepts directly, using the mentor text as scaffolding that can gradually be removed as their skills develop. (For even more, check out the Patterns of Power collection by Jeff Anderson and Whitney La Rocca.)

    A Few Friendly Tips

    After some trial and error, here's what I've learned:

    • Mentor texts do not work well when they are cold reads. Read the text aloud a few times so that students are able to do the work of a reader through understanding the content. Once the reading work is out of the way, it is easier to study how grammar is used.
    • Take it slow – don't try to tackle too many grammar concepts at once. It's like eating a delicious meal; you want to savor each bite.
    • Choose texts that speak to your students' hearts. If the content feels relevant to their lives, they'll be much more invested in exploring the grammar.
    • Remember that mentor texts are partners in grammar instruction, not replacements. We still need to explicitly demonstrate how to use grammar, but now we're giving context to why grammar matters.

    Your Turn: Transform Your Grammar Instruction Today

    Ready to revolutionize your grammar instruction? Take these three simple steps:

    • Commit to trying just one mentor text lesson in the next two weeks.
    • Share this post with a colleague who might be interested in trying this, too. Compare notes.
    • Remember, every grammar lesson is an opportunity to empower writers.
    I'd love to hear about your journey with mentor texts!

    Patty McGee is a nationally recognized literacy consultant, speaker, and educator with a passion for transforming classrooms into spaces where language and learning come alive. With decades of experience as a teacher, coach, and advocate for delightful literacy practices, Patty has worked alongside educators across the country, partnering to unlock the full potential of their students through innovative and practical teaching strategies. Not Your Granny’s Grammar is her third book. Connect with Patty at www.pattymcgee.org.

    Learn More

    Using Mentor Texts and AI to Transform Grammar Instruction: Part I 

    Literacy Today magazine: Reflecting Every Reader
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